The hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining the body's internal balance (homeostasis) by stimulating or inhibiting major bodily functions such as the heart rate and blood pressure, body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, appetite and body weight, sleep cycle and function of the gastrointestinal track. Of the endocrine glands, the hypothalamus and pituitary glands are of major importance since they act as the coordinating centers of the endocrine system. Main endocrine glands and their functionsĭisorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland The main endocrine glands are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads (ovary and testis).įigure 1. ![]() The endocrine system consists of several glands that secrete hormones that affect the different organ systems (Figure1). ![]() Olivia Ginnard DO and Aikaterini Nella MDĮndocrinology is the scientific and medical discipline that focuses on hormones, including the function and disorders of endocrine glands. A Chapter in Core Concepts of Pediatrics, 2nd Edition Endocrinology
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